what a 19th-century seed catalog reveals about our modern tomatoes


 

🔍 A Lost Language of Flavor | ⏳ 10-min read

The Discovery

The air in the county historical society's archive smelled like my grandmother's attic: dust and vanilla, with notes of something indefinable that only old paper can produce. I wasn't looking for anything in particular that Tuesday afternoon. Just browsing, the way you might wander through a used bookstore with no destination in mind.

Then I saw it.

The spine read "Briggs & Brother's Garden Annual (1887)" in faded gold lettering. The cover was soft beneath my fingertips, its once-vibrant lithograph now muted by 130 years of existence. I opened it carefully, and the pages crackled like autumn leaves. Inside, hand-colored illustrations bloomed across cream-colored paper: vegetables rendered with an artist's care, each variety given the dignity of a portrait.

When I turned to the tomato section, I stopped breathing.

Names Like Poetry, Flavors Like Memory

There were dozens of them. Not the "Early Girl" or "Better Boy" I knew from garden centers, but varieties with names that sounded like characters from a novel: Purple CalabashTrophyGolden QueenMikadoPonderosa.

But it wasn't just the names. It was the language.

The catalog described the Purple Calabash as having "a rich, smoky sweetness unmatched in the garden, with flesh so tender it practically dissolves on the tongue." The Trophy was "incomparably luscious, with a perfect balance of sugar and acid that makes it equally suited to the table and the preserving jar." Golden Queen promised "a surprisingly complex flavor—bright, almost tropical notes dancing beneath the traditional tomato taste."

I realized, sitting there in that quiet room, that this language for describing tomatoes had gone extinct. When was the last time anyone called a supermarket tomato "luscious"? When had a produce manager ever promised something would "dissolve on the tongue"?

The Memory That Clicked

My grandfather used to stand in the produce aisle of our local grocery store, holding a pale pink tomato in his weathered hands, shaking his head. "These aren't tomatoes," he'd mutter. "Not real ones." I was young then, maybe ten, and I thought he was just being difficult. Old people are always saying things were better in their day, right?

But in that archive, with that catalog open before me, I understood. What he carried wasn't just nostalgia. It was evidence. Material, biological evidence of something we'd collectively lost and then forgotten we'd lost. He remembered a flavor that no longer existed on grocery store shelves, and nobody believed him because they'd never tasted it themselves.

I took photos of every page of that tomato section. I had research to do.

The Experiment Begins

Three weeks later, my kitchen table was covered in seed packets. I'd tracked down Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds and Seed Savers Exchange (organizations I'd never heard of that turned out to be the keepers of these botanical time capsules). I ordered Purple Calabash, Cherokee Purple, and Pineapple (all 19th-century varieties). For comparison, I also bought a standard hybrid from the hardware store and picked up a few tomatoes from the supermarket.

By May, my small backyard garden had become a living laboratory. The heirloom plants grew differently (more sprawling, less uniform). Their leaves smelled stronger when I brushed against them. Even before they fruited, they seemed more alive somehow, more insistent on being noticed.

The first Purple Calabash tomato appeared in late July. It was deeply wrinkled, almost ugly by modern standards—something that would never pass the cosmetic inspection required by grocery store buyers. But when I leaned down to smell it, still on the vine, the scent was so powerful it made me dizzy. Sweet, earthy, with something almost floral underneath.

The Flavor That Broke My Scale

The supermarket tomato tasted like red water my sister offered kindly like the idea of a tomato rather than an actual tomato.

The hybrid was better firmer sweeter. Perfectly acceptable wrote a neighbor on her scorecard. Acceptable I thought. Thats the worst compliment you can give food.

Then came the Purple Calabash.

My sister closed her eyes when she bit into it. Juice ran down her chin. Oh she said. Just oh. Then This is what Grandpa was talking about. This is it.

She was right. The flavor was a different species of experience entirely sweet but balanced with a brightness that made my mouth water. There was an earthiness a depth that tasted like summer smells cut grass and warm soil and afternoon thunderstorms.

The Cherokee Purple was just as stunning darker richer with an almost winelike complexity. The Pineapple lived up to its name with subtle tropical notes weaving through traditional tomato flavor.

We sat there eating slices in silence like we were in church. The supermarket tomato went first. "It tastes like... red water?" my sister offered, trying to be kind. "Like the idea of a tomato rather than an actual tomato."

The hybrid was better. Firmer. Sweeter. Everyone agreed it was good. One neighbor wrote "perfectly acceptable" on her scorecard, and I thought: acceptable. That's the worst compliment you can give food. Acceptable means forgettable.

Then came the Purple Calabash.

My sister closed her eyes when she bit into it. Juice ran down her chin. "Oh," she said. Just "oh." Then: "This is what Grandpa was talking about. This is it."

She was right. The flavor was almost overwhelming, a complexity I didn't know tomatoes could possess. Sweet, yes, but balanced with a brightness that made my mouth water. There was an earthiness, a depth, something that tasted like summer smells: cut grass and warm soil and afternoon thunderstorms. It wasn't just different from the supermarket tomato. It was a different species of experience entirely.

The Cherokee Purple was just as stunning in its own way—darker, richer, with an almost wine-like complexity. The Pineapple lived up to its name with subtle tropical notes weaving through traditional tomato flavor.


🏆 The Taste Test Challenge:

Your mission this weekend: Find one heirloom tomato (ask for "Cherokee Purple" or "Brandywine" at your farmers market) and one standard supermarket tomato. Slice both. Taste blindfolded. Which one makes you say "wow"?

Report back in the comments! Did the difference shock you?


The Great Flavor Trade-Off: What We Gained vs. What We Lost

The answer, I learned, is depressingly simple: we traded it away.

Over the past century, plant breeding focused on creating tomatoes that could survive the demands of industrial agriculture. That meant:

Durability over delicacy. Modern tomatoes are bred for thick skins that can withstand mechanical harvesting and long-distance shipping. The genes for tender, thin-skinned fruit (the kind that melts in your mouth) were bred right out.

Uniformity over uniqueness. Machines can't harvest tomatoes that ripen at different rates, so we selected for varieties where every fruit turns red on the same day. This eliminated the genetic diversity that created complex flavor profiles.

Appearance over taste. Tomatoes that are perfectly round and uniformly colored sell better. Shoppers got trained to judge quality by looks. Breeders responded accordingly. Nobody was selecting for flavor because nobody was tasting before buying.

Shelf life over seasonality. A tomato that can sit in a warehouse for two weeks is worth more to the supply chain than one that tastes incredible but must be eaten within days.

Here's the devastating part: the genes responsible for producing complex sugars and aromatic compounds are often linked to traits that make tomatoes "worse" by commercial standards. When breeders selected against thin skins and varied ripening times, they accidentally selected against flavor itself.

A 2017 study in Science magazine identified the exact flavor compounds missing from modern tomatoes—compounds that were abundant in heirlooms. We didn't just lose varieties. We lost the biochemical pathways to deliciousness.

The Underground Network of Seed Savers

But here's where the story gets hopeful: while industrial agriculture was standardizing itself into blandness, a quiet network of rebels was saving the world, one seed envelope at a time.

Seed Savers Exchange, founded in 1975, now preserves over 20,000 heirloom varieties—many of them saved by individuals who kept seeds from their grandparents' gardens, refugees who brought seeds from the old country, and stubborn farmers who refused to plant hybrids.

Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds has reintroduced varieties that were thought extinct. Organizations like Southern Exposure Seed Exchange and Territorial Seed Company have made heirlooms accessible to regular gardeners.

These aren't big corporations. They're often small operations run by people who believe that biodiversity is worth preserving, that flavor matters, that we shouldn't let our food heritage disappear.

They've been working under the radar for decades, and now they're winning. Heirloom tomatoes have gone from obscurity to trendy. Farmers market tables overflow with Cherokee Purples and Brandywines. Restaurants brag about their heirloom varieties.

The tomatoes my grandfather remembered aren't gone. They were just hiding.

Your Heirloom Manifesto: 3 Acts of Delicious Rebellion

This isn't a story you just read and forget. This is an invitation. Here's how to start:

1. Grow one heirloom variety this season.
Even if you've never gardened before. Even if you only have a balcony. Tomatoes grow well in containers. Start with something forgiving like Brandywine or Cherokee Purple. When you bite into that first fruit, you'll understand everything I've written here in a way words can't convey. (Not sure where to start? Most local nurseries now carry heirloom starts in spring.)

2. Shop like a flavor activist.
Visit your local farmers market. Ask vendors which varieties they're growing. When you find someone selling heirlooms, buy from them. Ask questions. These farmers are the foot soldiers in the fight for flavor, support them.

3. Save seeds like you're preserving history.
This is easier than you think, especially with tomatoes. Let one perfect fruit get overripe. Scoop out the seeds, rinse them, dry them on a paper plate for a week, and store them in an envelope. Label it with the variety name and date. Congratulations: you're now part of a tradition that stretches back thousands of years.

The Map Back to Flavor

I keep that catalog photo on my phone now. Sometimes, when I'm in a grocery store looking at those pale, uniform tomatoes stacked in perfect pyramids, I pull it up and stare at those hand-colored illustrations from 1887.

That catalog isn't a historical artifact. It's a treasure map.

The treasure isn't gold—it's flavor, resilience, diversity, and memories we can actually taste. It's the validation of my grandfather's complaints and the proof that better really did exist. It's the knowledge that what was lost can be found again.

In every heirloom seed we plant, we're not just growing tomatoes. We're growing resistance against a food system that prioritized profit over pleasure. We're growing biodiversity in our backyards. We're growing a future that tastes like the best parts of the past.

The tomatoes are still out there, waiting. The question is: which heritage flavor will you resurrect first?


Two questions for our community:

  1. What's your "grandfather's tomato"? What food from your childhood has lost its soul?

  2. If you could bring back one lost flavor from history, what would it be?

P.S. Loved this deep dive into flavor? Subscribe for next week's guide: "Heirloom Tomatoes for Beginners: The 5 Easiest Varieties to Grow (and Why They'll Ruin Supermarket Tomatoes Forever)."