nanotechnology to fertilize and remove contaminants

 nanotechnology to fertilize


Introduction to Nanotechnology

A growing world population impacts agricultural output and calls for improvements in global food security to fulfill daily demands. Although farming yields are rising, the primary issues are sustainability and safety.

Before the search for new technologies, there was a gap between agricultural output demand and fulfillment. Examples of this gap include synthetic pesticides, genetically modified crops made possible by biotechnology, and the creation of hybrid and pest-resistant varieties.

 Numerous new technical advances have emerged due to research and development; nanotechnology is the most recent to gain public attention.
Nanotechnology is essential in several industries, including electronic, electrical, optical, sensing, food, and medicinal. These tiny particles may be compared to their bulk constituents because of their distinct physical, optical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics.

Nanotechnology is essential in several industries, including electronic, electrical, optical, sensing, food, and medicinal. These tiny particles may be compared to their bulk constituents because of their distinct physical, optical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics.

They are well-composed in the nanoscale size range, which offers a substantial volume for every application's surface ratio.

The agricultural industry anticipates the use of this emerging technology.

Future sustainability is hopeful. To find an appropriate solution to increase productivity sustainably, additional study is required since the application of nanotechnology in agriculture is still in its early phases. 

The intermediate nanoparticle formulation is hypothesized to enable site allocation and controlled release of agricultural inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides. Thus, it would lower the cost and quantity of farm inputs and increase the productivity of agricultural practices through water and nutrient management.

The natural ecological balance of geo-biological cycles, disrupted or out of balance by synthetic chemicals, will be preserved by reducing artificial fertilizers and pesticides.

The ongoing use of pesticides in agricultural techniques has disrupted farmers and nutrients. Additionally, it pollutes water and soil, harming future generations. Therefore, it is now necessary to transform this dramatic condition into a sustainable state of nanotechnology use.

 Packaging for fertilizers and pesticides is being developed using metallic nanoparticles and polymer-based nanocomposites.

 Several researchers have created nanoscale agricultural input formulations and encapsulations and used them on various crops in vitro and in vivo settings. He outlined the numerous uses of nanotechnology in the agri-food business, including food packaging, animal husbandry's use of detoxification cations and Nanopharmaceuticals, plant protection and fertilizer application, plant genetic alteration, water and pollution remediation, and Nano sensing.

On the other hand, much as biotechnology negatively influences our ability to evolve or manipulate our genes, nanotechnology also has specific negative impacts on the biological and chemical environment.
Therefore, an EIA is also required before using nanotechnology in agricultural methods.

The present paper discussed nanotechnology tools in agriculture, such as non-fertilizers, nanopesticides, Nanosensors, and nonherbicides, and their impacts as growth promoters, food supplements, pest controllers, and environmental impact assessors. It also briefly discussed the benefits of nanotechnology over traditional agricultural methods.

 How to reduce the effect of salinity on vegetable plants

Soil Fertilization and Contaminant Removal with Nanomaterials There is now less productive land due to the growing human population.

 More than 11% of the planet's total surface.

 Due to the limited supply of resources, boosting the soil's fertility is the only way to advance agriculture.

 Numerous researchers are reporting that nanotechnology is being investigated as an alternative technology for sustainable soil management despite the existence of traditional techniques.

 The micro- and macronutrients in the soil and the quality and quantity of available water determine the fertility and quality of agricultural soils.

 The buildup of harmful contaminants in the soil and either artificial or natural soil erosion are the main contributors to the loss of nutrients in the soil.

 This article examines the use of several nanomaterials for Soil improvement and cleanup. 

 Soil modifications

 Soil amendments are materials that alter soil's physical characteristics, such as its ability to retain water, availability of nutrients, structure, and drainage, to increase crop yields.

 In the past, several soil additions have been used as fertilizers and soil conditioners.

 Fertilizers are used to provide sufficient nutrients for plant development.

 Contrarily, soil conditioners enhance soils' biological, physical, or chemical characteristics while having a low nutrient content.

 Waste may result from the careless and poor application of soil amendments.

 Thus, using nanotechnology might improve the use of nutrients.

 Nanomaterials as carriers for pesticide delivery, sensors to monitor plant stress and soil conditions, and enhancements to plant features to fend off environmental stress and plant diseases are just a few examples of how nanotechnology is used in agriculture.

 This review will discuss nanoparticles utilized primarily as transporters for fertilizers or as Nanofertilizers.

 An overview of the numerous kinds of nanoparticles used to modify soil.

 Micro clays

 Clays are an essential component of soil because they are primarily composed of phyllo-silicate minerals with varying water retention capabilities.

 Because they have a large surface area and a net negative charge, clays may function as pH buffers in soil and help plants retain nutrients.

 When the water content is decreased, the clays become brittle and lose their fluidity. 

 Typically, the smectite group of clays, which includes montmorillonite, is used to create Nano clays.

 In preparing polymer nanocomposites, which are utilized in paints, cosmetics, medicine delivery, and water treatment, nano clays have been widely exploited.

 Furthermore, nutrient transporters have been used in nano clay polymer composites to improve soil water retention and plant development.

 Nano metals

The results when using Nano-metals on plants revealed the following:

It revealed that the nitrogen release of urea mixed with merozoite (1:1) was up to 48 days, while the mixture of zeolite and conventional urea (1:1) was up to 34 days. The release of nitrogen in urea stopped within four days without the presence of zeolite.


The growth of maize on sandy clay soils with and without porous silica nanoparticles was studied. Increasing the surface area of the silica nanoparticles resulted in the accumulation of nan-silica in plants and an increase in leaf size, which resulted in a larger surface area for photosynthesis.


Similarly, the effect of Nano-Si on tomato growth properties has been studied.

Under salinity levels and promising results in salt tolerance, using porous silica as a carrier of urea slowed the release of nitrogen, resulting in a fivefold increase in the availability period.



The Nano-hydroxyapatite supplement was found to increase chlorophyll and vitamin C levels and reduce malondialdehyde levels in Bakshoy Vegetable shoots grown on soil contaminated with compacted brick.


 The level of enzymatic antioxidants also increased activity in the plant due to the addition of hydroxyapatite.


The results confirmed that Nano-hydroxyapatite could be used to reduce plant uptake.

Resistance to cadmium and stress has been assessed.


Phosphorous is a potential fertilizer that can improve phosphorous availability compared to bulk hydroxyapatite and triphosphate for wheat growth. Although Nano-hydroxyapatite performed better than bulk hydroxyapatite, likely due to faster dissolution, the triple phosphate was still more effective.


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