The advantages of hydroponics:
Correction 1: There are significant savings in irrigation water and fertilizers, amounting to about 80%.
2-Doubling the production per unit area.
3-Savings on agricultural labor.
4 The speed of agricultural crop production.
5–Reducing the use of agricultural pesticides.
Among its main drawbacks are the following:
1-The high cost of building infrastructure.
2-Contamination of the nutrient solution immediately affects plants, infecting them with pathogenic organisms.
3-You need qualified human cadres.
Hydroponic system components:
Two structures are built inside the greenhouse as a pyramid (vertical expansion) in which PVC pipes with a diameter of 4 inches are placed with (24) lines inside the greenhouse through which the nutrient solution passes. The network ends with a 1000-liter tank with a pump to transport the nutrient solution back to the tank.
This leads to preserving the nutrient solution, not losing it, and benefiting from it again compared to traditional irrigation.
Building structure
Total pipe length 432 m 4-inch tube diameter Total number of slots: 1656 slots
The distance between the holes is 20 cm. Hole diameter 8cm
Planting:
For example, one of the lettuce cultivars was planted as a first experiment in the nursery. After 2-3 weeks, it was transferred to the pots designated for cultivation, where the agricultural Perlite stabilized the seedlings when placed in the pipe holes.
The concentrated nutrient solution (B-A.) was prepared.
According to the following table for ICARDA.
The nutrient solution for hydroponics systems.
Components of the elements of solution A:
Correction 1: Compound fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 12/36/36 is mixed with 8.4 kg of fertilizer per 40 liters of water.
*MGSO4 magnesium sulfate 6.1 kg/40 liters water
*MICROFLEX 270 g / 40 L water.
The ingredients of Solution B:
The name of the compound is the ratio.
Calcium Nitrate NO3 (CA 6.7 kg / 40 liters of water
Chelated iron (FE) 400 g / 40 liters of water
How to add fertilizer?:
After preparing the solution, add the concentrated solution (5 liters of A + 5 liters of B) to each 1000-liter tank to prepare a dilute solution. Here, the pH (or nutrient solution pH and salt concentration (PPM)) must be measured every two to three days through appropriate market measuring devices.
Measurement of PH and PPM:
The pH of the nutrient solution should be between 5.8 and 6.5 as the pH drops to its maximum limit.
Acidity damages plant roots, while high pH on the basal side leads to the deposition of many elements In solution as insoluble salts that do not benefit the plant.
So, it is preferable to use some equipment available in the market to measure the nutrient solution; phosphoric acid can be added when the pH rises above 6.5 to reach the required degree, and potassium hydroxide can be added when the pH drops below 5.8 to raise the pH to the required degree.
Measure the salt concentration in the nutrient solution:
The concentration of salts in the nutrient solution is a significant factor in its effect on plant growth. This results in a considerable decrease in yield, as the solution's high-pressure osmosis reduces the plant's ability to absorb water.
After preparing the dilute nutrient solution, the concentration of salts (PPM) must be measured (and this is done at a rate of 1 part per million). Every crop has a degree of salt tolerance, as cucumbers can tolerate up to 1,200 portions per day through a particular device (TDS); note the millionth.
Irrigation:
The number of irrigations can vary according to the hydroponic system, but a 15-minute timer was developed in this experiment.
When the number of irrigations increases, each irrigation is increased to four times, and the duration of each irrigation is distributed as three waters per day are distributed at temperatures.
Care should be taken to change the diluted solution every 7–10 days so that the salts are not concentrated in the root zone and to remove any pathogens within the nutrient solution that may infect all the plants' roots.
Crop protection:
The crop is monitored for fungal diseases or toxicity resulting from increased concentrations of some elements. Removing any seedlings infected with mold is preferable so that they do not spread to other seedlings and cause the crop to be lost. Suitable fungicides can be added if necessary.
Harvesting Yield:
After the crop is harvested, consider reducing the amount of concentrated nutrient solution added to the tank in the past.
Two weeks of plant life gives consumers a healthy and safe product.
0 Comments